Elastic-fluid turbine.



UNITED sTATns PATENT ermee.

ELASTlC-FLUID TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 15, 1905..

Application filed January l2, 1905. Serial No. 240,671.

To all whom t may concern:

Beitknown that I. ToRE GUsTAF EMANUEL LINDMARK, of Stockholm, Sweden, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Elastic-Fluid Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

In United States Letters Patent N o. 717, 875, granted to me January 6, 1903I have illustrated a compound elastic-fluid turbine in which the working' iiuid passes through a se-` ries of'units of the outwardradial flow type. In order to realize prope'r economical results with a compound turbine, it is necessary to use a high pressure in the first turbine of the` series; but when this type of compound turbine is employed the effect of such high pressure is to cause inevitable leakage at the joints work through its action on said impact-wheel.

rIhe uid then meets the first reaction-wheel under a pressure suiiiciently diminished as not to produce the objectionable leakage at the joints of that wheel.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a section of one end of a compound elasticiiuid turbine, showing the initial pressure-re ducing impact-wheel and the iirst'reactionwheel of the series, the remaining wheels of said series being arranged as shown in my Letters Patent aforesaid. Figs. 2 and 3 show modified forms of impact-wheels which may be employed instead of the specific form represented in Fig. l, and Fig. 4L shows my device applied to a compounded series of wheels.

Similar characters of reference indicate like parts.

1 is the casing, 2 the shaft on which all of the wheels of the compound series are fast,

and A B C D are wheels of the reaction out? ward radial flow type in compound series: The Wheel A is disposed in a chamber 4, re ceives Working fluid at a central opening 5,` and delivers the same through `the buckets 6, disposed around the circumference, to a liaring passage 7. From said passage the iuid proceeds to a chamber 8 and then to the next similar wheel of the compound series, as fully described in my Letters Patent aforesaid.

If the wheel A received iiuid at the necessary initial high pressure for economical working, leakage would occur at the joints between I wheel and casing-as, for example, the joint 9-with consequent serious loss of energy. In order to avoid this difliculty and to reduce the Huid-pressure before reaching wheel A without loss, I secure upon the shaft 2 in advance of wheel A a wheel between which and the casing there are no joints to be kept tight. Such a wheel may be one of the impact type` that is to say, a wheel which is rotated by the direct impact of a jet of working' iiuid upon buckets disposed around its periphery. As illustrated in Fig. 1, the working fiuid proceeds by the inlet-pipe 10 to the nozzle 11 and thence is directly projected upon the buckets 12 of the axial-flow impact-wheel 13, which is fast upon shaft 2. Said wheel is contained in a chamber formed between the casing-head 14 and a partition 15, which is supported by bars 16, extending inwardly from the casing and throughwhich the shaft 2 passes. The exhaust from wheel13 iiows around the partition 15 into the chamber 17, formed between said partitionand the wall 18 of the chamber 8, and thence passes to the central opening 5 of wheel A.

Instead of employing an impact-wheel of the axial-flow type, as shown in Fig. 1, I may use one of the radial-How type, as shown in Fig. 2` the nozzle 11 then being suitably placed to deliver the fluid in a direction radial the wheel, or I may employ an impact-wheel of the -axial-iiowtype having two series of circumferential buckets 19 20, Fig. 3, with an intervening partition 21, having guide-openings of the usual construction. I do not limit myself to one initial pressure-reducing wheel, as here illustrated, because, as is obvious, I may use a plurality of them and reduce pressure successively in each before admitting the fluid to the rst reaction-wheel. Neither do I limit myself to reaction-wheels of the outward radial flow type, since there arel other well-known forms.

The iiuid passing first to wheel 13 will rotate the same, and its drop in pressure will be translated into useful work. Upon reaching the wheel A the working pressure having become reduced by the means stated will not be sufc'ient to cause leakage at the joint 9 or any other joint between said wheel and its casing.

From Wheel A the Working iuid passes successively to Wheels B C D and so to exhaust.

I claim- I. In combination with the initial wheel of a compounded series of Wheels of the same type and a casing therefor, a Wall of said casing forming a joint with said initial Wheel around the fluid-inlet thereof, means for reducing the pressure of the Working fiuid prior to its entrance to said inlet by converting a portion of said pressure into Work.

2. In combination with the initial Wheel of a compounded series of Wheels of the same type and a casing therefor, a wall of said casing forming a joint With said initial wheel around the Huid-inlet thereof, a Wheel of dif.

ferent type to the Wheels of said compounded series, receiving the working Huid and delivering its exhaust to said initial-Wheel inlet.

3. In combination with a Wheel of the out- Ward-flow reaction type and a casing therefor, a Wall of said casing forming a joint around the fluid-inlet of said Wheel, a Wheel of the impact type receiving the Working fluid and delivering its exhaust to said reaction- Wlieel inlet.

4E. In combination with a Wheel of the outward-flow reaction type and a casing therefor, a Wall of said casing forming a joint around the fluid-inlet of said wheel, a Wheel of the axial-flow impact type receiving the Working iiuid and delivering its exhaust to said reaction-wheel inlet.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of tWo suhscribing witnesses.

TORE GUSTAF EMANUEL LINDMARK.

Witnesses:

WoLDEuAR BoMAN, FREDK. FoRssBnRG. 

